Understanding Theta Burst Stimulation for Methamphetamine Use Disorder
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a serious addiction that currently lacks any FDA-approved treatments. Traditional methods like behavioral therapy have had limited success, and relapse rates remain high. But a brain-based approach—theta burst stimulation for methamphetamine use disorder—may offer new hope.
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a special form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Instead of delivering a steady rhythm of magnetic pulses, TBS mimics the brain’s natural patterns using bursts of energy. This allows it to change brain activity more quickly and efficiently. Two main types of TBS are used: intermittent TBS (iTBS), which can activate parts of the brain, and continuous TBS (cTBS), which tends to quiet them down.
How TBS Targets Craving in Methamphetamine Addiction
In people struggling with methamphetamine use disorder, areas of the brain involved in decision-making and self-control—especially the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L.dlPFC)—are often underactive. This makes it harder to resist cravings or avoid relapse.
The reviewed research analyzed randomized controlled trials using iTBS directed at the L.dlPFC in individuals with MUD. When these treatments were compared to sham (or fake) stimulation, iTBS significantly reduced cue-induced meth cravings, with a strong effect size. This suggests the brain stimulation made it easier for patients to manage triggers without falling back into old patterns.
One study even tested accelerated iTBS (multiple sessions per day) and found it reduced cravings quickly, although more research is needed to confirm long-term results.
Why This Meta-Analysis Matters
This new review is especially important because it corrected a flaw in earlier studies. Previous reviews included overlapping patient data, which made it harder to trust the results. By only including trials with unique participants, this meta-analysis gives us a clearer picture of how effective TBS can be.
Notably, researchers recommend expanding future studies to explore:
- How neuroimaging might help guide where to stimulate in the brain
- Whether TBS can reduce actual meth use—not just cravings
- How continuous TBS (cTBS) and new brain targets like the frontal pole might help
- The use of biomarkers to track biological changes in the brain during treatment
The Future of TBS in Addiction Treatment
While still in early stages, theta burst stimulation for methamphetamine use disorder could soon be part of a new generation of treatments for substance use disorders. By reshaping brain activity without medication, TBS offers a non-invasive and potentially more effective way to help individuals regain control.
As more research emerges, clinics and treatment centers may begin incorporating TBS into personalized care plans—especially for patients who haven’t responded to other approaches.
Citations:
- Rakesh, G., Adams, T. G., Ballard, D. H., McLouth, C. J., & Rush, C. R. (2025). Theta burst stimulation in methamphetamine use disorder: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2025.2541165
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2024). Methamphetamine research report. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine